Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of infectious disease related deaths in the world. It is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and is spread through air when a person with active TB disease coughs, speaks, sings, or sneezes. The lungs are the most frequent site infected by TB bacteria, but any part of the body may be affected leading to TB disease of a single or multiple organs. In 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) region of Southeast Asia (45%) has the highest TB incident cases, followed by Africa (24%) and the Western Pacific (17%). 87% of the total global TB disease are from 30 high TB burden countries, five of these countries account for 56% of the total: India (26%), Indonesia (10%), China (6.8%), Philippines (6.8%), and Pakistan (6.3%). High TB burden also translates to catastrophic total cost, or >20% of annual household expenditure or income, to the patient and the household members.